<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" version="2.0"><channel><title>文化常识</title><link>http://www.wenhuachangshi.com/</link><description>多一分知识，多一分传承</description><item><title>文学常识：荆刘拜杀</title><link>http://www.wenhuachangshi.com/wenxuechagnshi/1305/</link><description>&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;“荆刘拜杀”并不是一个成语或俗语，而是一个&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;古典戏曲术语&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。它指的是&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;元末明初时期&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;的四部著名的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;南戏&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（也就是南曲戏文）作品。这四部戏在中国戏曲史上地位极高，经常被并提。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;具体来说，它们是：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;《荆钗记》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（“荆”）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;《刘知远白兔记》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（“刘”，常简称为《白兔记》）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;《拜月亭记》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（“拜”，也称《幽闺记》）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;《杀狗记》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（“杀”）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;这四部戏与后来出现的“四大传奇”（《西厢记》《琵琶记》《长生殿》《桃花扇》）不同，它们是南戏发展成熟期的代表作，通常被合称为 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;“四大南戏”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt; 或 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;“荆刘拜杀”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;1. 详细讲解每部戏的核心内容&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h4 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 16px 0px 8px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;《荆钗记》—— 坚守与信义&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 8px 0px 16px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;作者&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：一般认为是元人柯丹邱。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;故事梗概&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：穷书生&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;王十朋&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;以一支木头簪子（荆钗）为聘礼，与富家女&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;钱玉莲&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;订婚。王十朋考中状元后，权臣想招他为婿，被他拒绝。但权臣把王十朋的家书篡改为“休书”，钱玉莲的后母逼她改嫁，钱玉莲投江自尽（后被救起）。历经重重磨难，夫妻二人最终凭荆钗相认，得以团圆。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;核心思想&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：歌颂了&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;贫贱不移、坚贞不渝&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;的爱情和信义。荆钗虽是木制，但其象征的情义远胜金银。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h4 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 16px 0px 8px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;《白兔记》—— 从草根到帝王的传奇&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 8px 0px 16px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;作者&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：不详，永嘉书会才人编。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;故事梗概&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：五代后汉的开国皇帝&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;刘知远&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;，年轻时落魄，被富家女&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;李三娘&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;看上，招为赘婿。李三娘的哥哥嫂嫂迫害刘知远，刘知远被迫从军。李三娘在家受尽兄嫂折磨，在磨坊生下儿子&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;咬脐郎&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;，托人送给刘知远抚养。十六年后，咬脐郎出猎追一只白兔，在井边与正在挑水的母亲李三娘相遇，最终一家团圆。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;核心思想&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：这部剧充满民间色彩，既有&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;苦难女性的悲情&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（李三娘），也有&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;发迹变泰的励志故事&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;，情节跌宕起伏。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h4 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 16px 0px 8px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;《拜月亭记》—— 乱世中的浪漫与巧合&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 8px 0px 16px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;作者&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：一般认为是元人施惠（或说关汉卿也有同名杂剧）。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;故事梗概&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：金末战乱，书生&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;蒋世隆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;与妹妹&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;瑞莲&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;失散，在逃难中遇到了同样与哥哥失散的官家小姐&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;王瑞兰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。两人患难中生情，私订终身。但王瑞兰的父亲（尚书）看不起蒋世隆，强行拆散他们。后来王瑞兰在家思念蒋世隆，月夜焚香祈祷（“拜月”），最终蒋世隆考中状元，两人得以团圆，并且各自的兄妹也阴差阳错地相认。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;核心思想&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：这部剧妙在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;巧合与误会&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;，批判了封建门第观念，赞扬了&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;自由恋爱&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;和真挚的感情。其“拜月”场景是戏曲史上最经典的抒情场面之一。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h4 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 16px 0px 8px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;《杀狗记》—— 兄弟情义与劝诫&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 8px 0px 16px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;作者&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：一般认为是元人徐喈（或萧德祥）。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;故事梗概&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：富家子弟&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;孙华&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;结交了市井无赖，听信谗言，把亲弟弟&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;孙荣&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;赶出家门。孙华的妻子&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;杨月真&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;贤惠善良，为了劝丈夫醒悟，她设计杀了一条狗，把狗尸伪装成人尸，放在家门口。孙华因此陷入人命官司，那些酒肉朋友全都不愿帮忙，反而是被他赶走的弟弟孙荣挺身而出，替兄长顶罪。孙华最终幡然醒悟，兄弟和好。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;核心思想&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：这部戏的主题是&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;“亲睦手足”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;，批判了&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;势利之交&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;，强调了血缘亲情和贤内助的重要性。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;2. “荆刘拜杀”的戏剧史地位与特点&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol start=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;南戏成熟的标志&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：这四部戏标志着南戏从早期粗糙、零散的“村坊小曲”发展为结构完整、文辞优美、叙事复杂的成熟戏剧形式。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;题材的世俗化&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：不同于元杂剧多写才子佳人、神仙道化，这四部戏的题材非常贴近&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;民间生活&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：有夫妻、兄弟、父子、继母、兄弟、朋友等家庭和社会伦理关系，充满了烟火气。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;大团圆的结局&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：四部戏无一例外都是&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;大团圆结局&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（《杀狗记》兄弟和好，《荆钗记》夫妻重聚等），这奠定了中国古典戏曲“始困终亨”的审美传统，反映了普通百姓渴望正义和幸福的美好愿望。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;文辞风格多样&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding-left: 18px;&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;《荆钗记》文辞质朴，情真意切。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;《白兔记》语言通俗，充满民间俚语。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;《拜月亭记》文采斐然，尤其以景物描写和内心独白见长。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;《杀狗记》语言通俗，更注重情节的戏剧性和说理性。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;3. 常见误解与特别提示&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;“杀”不是“杀戮”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：这里的“杀”是《杀狗记》的简称，不是指四部戏里有血腥暴力，而是字面意思——&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;杀了一条狗&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;，所以第四部常被称作“杀狗”或“杀狗劝夫”。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;与“四大名著”无关&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：这是戏曲史的分类，和小说《三国演义》《水浒传》等完全是不同的文艺领域。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;版本问题&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：这四部戏流传至今，多数经过了明代文人的大幅修改，我们今天看到的剧本（如毛晋《六十种曲》收录的版本），与元末明初的原貌已有一定差异。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;4. 欣赏建议&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;如果你想感受这四部戏的魅力，建议先从《拜月亭记》中的 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;《拜月》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt; 一折开始看，因为它的文学性最强，情感细腻；然后是《荆钗记》中的 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;《见娘》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt; 一折，情感冲击力极强；最后再看《白兔记》的 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;《磨房产子》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt; 和《杀狗记》的 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;《犬吠》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;，能全面体会南戏在悲剧、喜剧和伦理剧方面的广度。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;总结一句话：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;“荆刘拜杀”是中国戏曲史上第一座高峰，它们用最朴素的故事，讲述了最永恒的人间真情。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><pubDate>Sat, 27 Jun 2026 15:27:53 +0800</pubDate></item><item><title>文学常识：中国古代注解体系</title><link>http://www.wenhuachangshi.com/wenxuechagnshi/1304/</link><description>&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;中国古代注解体系，远非简单的&amp;quot;解释难懂字词&amp;quot;，而是一套&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;古典文明的&amp;quot;意义再生产&amp;quot;机制&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。通过它，后世学者不断激活先秦经典中的思想基因，将其转化、应用于不同时代的政治伦理与文化建构。理解这套体系，你就读懂了中国人思维深处那种&amp;quot;崇古尚贤&amp;quot;与&amp;quot;开新应变&amp;quot;之间永恒的平衡术。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;这套体系历经两千年演进，形成了从&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;汉代奠基&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;唐代统一&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;到&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;清代巅峰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;的三座高峰，背后贯穿着一条核心张力——&amp;quot;我注六经&amp;quot;（客观还原古义）与&amp;quot;六经注我&amp;quot;（借经典表达己见）的永恒博弈。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: 32px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;上篇：注解工作的四大核心范式&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;古人注解有一套严密的&amp;quot;方法论工具箱&amp;quot;，不同术语代表不同层次的解释工作，各有严格界定，不可混用。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;范式一：训诂学——&amp;quot;准确认出每一个字&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;训诂是注解的根基，核心任务是用当时的话解释古代的语言。它分三个层次：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;1. 形训（以形索义）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;术语标志：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;从某，从某&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;或&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;从某，某声&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（《说文解字》典型句式）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;这是最硬核的物理分析。古人认为汉字&amp;quot;画成其物&amp;quot;，所以通过拆解偏旁追溯本义。例如《说文》解&amp;quot;武&amp;quot;字：&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;从戈，从止&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;——&amp;quot;戈&amp;quot;是兵器，&amp;quot;止&amp;quot;是脚趾（表行动），本义是&amp;quot;扛着兵器去征伐&amp;quot;。这个解释直接驳斥了后世&amp;quot;止戈为武&amp;quot;（以和平止战）的儒家美化，还原了战国时期该字的原始血腥含义。一个偏旁拆解，就能穿透两千年的道德粉饰。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;2. 声训（因声求义）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;术语标志：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;某，某也&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（二字同音）或&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;读若&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;、&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;读如&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;（标注读音）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;这是训诂学最天才的发现：古人意识到，同音字往往有共同的&amp;quot;意义内核&amp;quot;，且古籍中存在大量通假字（古人写了&amp;quot;错别字&amp;quot;但被公认）。经典案例：《诗经·七月》：&amp;quot;八月剥枣&amp;quot;。若不通风训，你会理解为&amp;quot;剥皮&amp;quot;，但这里&amp;quot;剥&amp;quot;通&amp;quot;扑&amp;quot;（古音相近），&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;读若扑&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;，意思是用棍子&amp;quot;打&amp;quot;枣子下来。一个&amp;quot;读若&amp;quot;就还原了三千年前秋收的真实劳作场景。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;此外还有&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;读为&amp;quot;&amp;quot;读曰&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;，专门用于指明通假字替换，比&amp;quot;读若&amp;quot;的语气更确定。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;3. 义训（直陈其义）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;术语标志：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;曰&amp;quot;&amp;quot;为&amp;quot;&amp;quot;谓之&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（定义式）和&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;犹&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（模糊类比）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;当字无字形、字音线索可循时，直接以今语释古语。精妙处在于&amp;quot;犹&amp;quot;字——比如《论语》：&amp;quot;君子病无能焉，不病人之不己知也。&amp;quot;注曰：&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;病，犹&amp;#39;患&amp;#39;也&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。&amp;quot;这个&amp;quot;犹&amp;quot;字很谨慎，它不说&amp;quot;病=患&amp;quot;，而是说在&amp;quot;担忧、焦虑&amp;quot;这个心理层面上二者等同。这是一种留有余地的近似解释，避免把话说死。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;诂与训的微妙区分&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：汉儒毛亨在《诗训诂传》中区分二者——&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;诂&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（通&amp;quot;故&amp;quot;）专门针对&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;时间距离&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;，解释年代久远而失传的古语方言、名物制度，是考古工作；&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;训&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（通&amp;quot;顺&amp;quot;）专门针对&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;理解距离&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;，阐发字面背后深层的伦理逻辑。比如《诗经》&amp;quot;关关雎鸠&amp;quot;：诂告诉你&amp;quot;雎鸠是鱼鹰类水鸟&amp;quot;，训告诉你&amp;quot;这鸟雌雄情意专一，用来比喻后妃之德&amp;quot;——诂是&amp;quot;它是什么&amp;quot;，训是&amp;quot;它想表达什么&amp;quot;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;范式二：章句学——&amp;quot;流畅贯通每一句话&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;认完字，字要连成句。古人发现有三只拦路虎：语法结构、虚词语气和&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;断句&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;句&amp;quot;与&amp;quot;读&amp;quot;（dòu）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;这是最容易被现代人忽视的术语。古书&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;没有标点符号&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;，章句学家的首要工作就是&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;离经辨志&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;——给原文打标点。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;句&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：指意义完整的终结句，相当于现在的句号或问号。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;读&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：指语气未完、意思未断的短句，相当于现在的逗号。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;一个断句能决定意识形态走向。《论语》&amp;quot;民可使由之不可使知之&amp;quot;——若断为&amp;quot;民可使由之，不可使知之&amp;quot;，就是愚民政策；若断为&amp;quot;民可，使由之；不可，使知之&amp;quot;，就成了民主启蒙。章句学家的一个&amp;quot;读&amp;quot;法，足以改变一部经书的政治底色。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;章句之学还承担&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;分章析句、串讲大意&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;的功能，汉代赵岐的《孟子章句》是典范——先断句，再逐字解释，最后用&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;章指&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;总结全章主旨。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;范式三：义疏学——&amp;quot;阐发一段话的宏大意义&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;字句疏通后，经典真正的魅力在于&amp;quot;微言大义&amp;quot;——一个字里可能藏着治国方略。这就需要更高级的术语工具。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;传&amp;quot;（zhuàn）与&amp;quot;笺&amp;quot;（jiān）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;这两个术语都指注解，但权力层级完全不同。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;传&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：本义是&amp;quot;传递&amp;quot;，把经文中深奥的&amp;quot;圣人之意&amp;quot;传递出来。它不受原文字词束缚，可大段引述历史故事佐证。如《春秋左氏传》，本质是用一部战国史书来&amp;quot;传&amp;quot;《春秋》那几句话。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;笺&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：汉代大儒&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;郑玄&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;的发明。他在为《诗经》作注时，对前人的&amp;quot;传&amp;quot;不满意，但出于尊重，不直接推翻，而是把自己的新看法写在旁边，像书签（笺）一样夹进去。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;笺&amp;quot;暗示了一种谦卑&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;——前人的注是主体，我的只是补充意见。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;疏&amp;quot;与&amp;quot;正义&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;这是唐代官方钦定的超强工具。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;问题背景&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：到了唐代，汉代的&amp;quot;注&amp;quot;也成了古书，唐人看不懂汉注了，于是需要给&amp;quot;注&amp;quot;再做注解。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;疏&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：即&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;疏通&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。它不仅解释经文，更要&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;解释&amp;quot;注&amp;quot;本身&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;，并说明注为何要那样写。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;正义&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：是&amp;quot;疏&amp;quot;的官方升级版。唐太宗命孔颖达编纂《五经正义》，确立了科举考试标准答案。这个术语背后有一条霸权规则——&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;疏不破注&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：既然选定了某家汉注为官方标准，那么无论遇到什么矛盾，&amp;quot;疏&amp;quot;都必须想方设法圆回来，证明这家注绝对正确。这已非学术而是政治了。读唐代&amp;quot;正义&amp;quot;，常看到大量绕来绕去的诡辩，那正是&amp;quot;疏不破注&amp;quot;造成的智力扭曲。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;训&amp;quot;与&amp;quot;诂&amp;quot;的再辨&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：这里需要特别澄清一个常见混淆——汉代经学中，&amp;quot;训&amp;quot;与&amp;quot;诂&amp;quot;其实分工明确：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;诂是&amp;quot;考古&amp;quot;，训是&amp;quot;释理&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。后世合称&amp;quot;训诂&amp;quot;时则统指一切解释工作，但细究起来，前者面向&amp;quot;时间&amp;quot;，后者面向&amp;quot;意义&amp;quot;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;范式四：集解与考据——&amp;quot;汇聚众说与手术刀式修正&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;这是一种高阶的汇编与批判性工作。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;集解&amp;quot;与&amp;quot;集注&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;汇集各家注解于一书。最具迷惑性的是朱熹的《四书章句集注》——表面上&amp;quot;集注&amp;quot;显得民主，汇集汉宋诸家之说；但实际上朱熹极其霸道，只摘取符合自己理学体系的只言片语，大量不符合的注释被默默丢弃。他用&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;章句&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;强行锁死全篇思想——读他的书，仿佛能听见他说：&amp;quot;字词看集注，但终极真理在我写的&amp;#39;章旨&amp;#39;里。&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;补注&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;在旧注基础上补充新材料新见解，如清代王先谦《汉书补注》，在唐代颜师古注基础上补充大量清代考据成果。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;衍文&amp;quot;与&amp;quot;脱文&amp;quot;——清代考据学的侦探利器&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;清代学者不信权威，像侦探般审视古书。他们发明了两个极具杀伤力的术语：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;衍文&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：指千年传抄中&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;多出来&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;的、不属于原文的文字（可能是古人批注误入正文）。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;脱文&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：指传抄中&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;漏掉&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;的、原文应有的文字。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;有了这两个术语，清代学者王念孙敢直接宣布：某段《礼记》里连续二十个字是&amp;quot;衍文&amp;quot;，删掉！某段《老子》中间缺了五个字是&amp;quot;脱文&amp;quot;，补上！这一&amp;quot;衍&amp;quot;一&amp;quot;脱&amp;quot;，等于从底层重构经典面貌。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: 32px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;下篇：两种经典体例的差异&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;注解对象不同，方法也迥异。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;经学注解——追求&amp;quot;微言大义&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;对象是《诗》《书》《礼》《易》《春秋》等儒家经典。不满足于字面，而要挖掘&amp;quot;圣人&amp;quot;隐藏在文字背后的政治哲学。《春秋》&amp;quot;春王正月&amp;quot;四字，公羊学家能写出上万言，从中阐发&amp;quot;大一统&amp;quot;&amp;quot;尊王&amp;quot;理念。这套传统以&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;何休《公羊解诂》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt; 为典范。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;史学与子学注解——侧重&amp;quot;事实与源流&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;对象是《史记》《汉书》及诸子百家。更注重&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;地理沿革、职官变迁、典章制度、历史背景&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;的还原。最具代表性的是&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;裴松之《三国志注》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;——不按常规训诂路径，而是大量引用魏晋杂史、笔记、方志来补充史实，其注文内容甚至超过原著正文。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: 32px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;历史演变：三座高峰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;汉代（奠基期）——以&amp;quot;经学&amp;quot;为纲&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;注解主要为&amp;quot;经学博士&amp;quot;教学服务。今文经学注重阴阳灾异与政治预言，古文经学注重文字考据与史实。核心成果：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;郑玄&amp;quot;三礼注&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（兼融今古文）与&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;何休《公羊解诂》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（今文经学集大成）。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;唐代（统一期）——以&amp;quot;正义&amp;quot;为宗&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;唐太宗为统一思想，命孔颖达编纂《五经正义》。注解从&amp;quot;一家之言&amp;quot;上升为&amp;quot;国家意识形态&amp;quot;，科举考试以此为铁律。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;清代（巅峰期）——以&amp;quot;小学&amp;quot;为本&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;因文字狱避祸，学者转入纯学术。他们发展出极致考据学，提出&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;训诂明则义理明&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;的口号。核心成就是&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;高邮王氏父子&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（王念孙、王引之）的《读书杂志》《经义述闻》——通过归纳语法规律和古音通假，纠正了汉唐注疏中大量流传千年的误读。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: 32px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;思想张力：注解既是&amp;quot;桥梁&amp;quot;也是&amp;quot;围墙&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;注不破经&amp;quot;与&amp;quot;疏不破注&amp;quot;的困境&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：保证了经典权威，却也禁锢了学术思想。哪怕注疏有误，后人只能曲为之解，严重限制了理论原创性。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;六经注我&amp;quot;与&amp;quot;我注六经&amp;quot;之争&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;我注六经&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;主张客观还原古义（清代考据家），追求历史的真实。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;六经注我&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;主张借经典表达己见（南宋陆九渊、明代王阳明），追求思想的当下价值。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;这两种张力的消长，正是中国古代学术发展的内在动力。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;诠释的&amp;quot;内卷化&amp;quot;与体系崩溃&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：清代晚期注解越来越繁琐——对《尚书》一个字的考证可写数万言。精深至极，却也导致学问与现实脱节。晚清西学冲击下，这套体系失去对现实的解释力。更深刻的悖论是：当考据学用&amp;quot;衍文脱文&amp;quot;将所有经典&amp;quot;修正&amp;quot;一遍后，人们惊恐地发现——&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;原来信奉千年的&amp;quot;圣人之言&amp;quot;，可能只是一堆被注疏家反复篡改的&amp;quot;断烂朝报&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。经典的权威性在精密解剖下反而被消解了。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: 32px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;结语：读注，就是看一场&amp;quot;思想博弈&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;现在再回头看你手中那本带有古注的《论语》或《老子》：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;看到&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;某也，某也&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;，要警觉——这是汉代人在定义世界。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;看到&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;读若&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;，要窃喜——这是古人在还原三千年前的读音真相。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;看到&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;笺云&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;，要留意——这是郑玄在小心翼翼地与前人抬杠。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;看到&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;正义曰&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;，要警惕——这是唐代官方在给思想套上缰绳。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;看到&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;按：此乃衍文&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;，要兴奋——这是清代学者抡起大锤砸碎了神像。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;中国古代注解体系，本质上是一部用术语写成的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;思想战争史&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。每一个术语背后，都站着一位想要掌控&amp;quot;何为真理&amp;quot;的注疏家。你读懂了这些术语的弦外之音，就等于拿到了俯瞰两千年中国智力博弈的上帝视角。这不只是读懂古文，更是读懂中国人如何在与古人的持续对话中，不断重塑自我、回应时代——而这一过程，至今仍在继续。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><pubDate>Wed, 24 Jun 2026 14:58:20 +0800</pubDate></item><item><title>历史常识：古代帝王自称</title><link>http://www.wenhuachangshi.com/gudaizhengquan/1303/</link><description>&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;一、源头：《尚书》中的“予一人”与“冲人”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;帝王自称最早的权威记载，见于《尚书》。这是中国最早的官方文献汇编，其用词极具神圣性。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;“予一人”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：这是商周君主在重大诰命中的固定自称。《尚书·汤诰》载：“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;予一人&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;有罪，无以尔万方。”孔安国传疏解为：“天子自称曰‘予一人’，言四海之内，唯天子一人。”这个自称强调的不是谦卑，而是&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;责任的唯一性&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;——天下祸福皆系于君主一人之身，是权力与责任的高度统一。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;“冲人”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：年幼继位的君主在《尚书·金縢》中自称“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;予冲人&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;”，意为“幼小无知之人”。这是针对特定年龄身份的谦称，有明确的史料用例，而非后世虚构。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;二、周代至秦统一前的“寡”“孤”“不谷”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;《礼记·曲礼》明确记载：“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;天子自称曰‘予一人’，诸侯自称曰‘寡人’，其在凶服曰‘孤’。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;”这是礼制明文。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;但在实际应用中，春秋战国时期礼崩乐坏，诸侯纷纷僭越称王，也开始自称“孤”“寡人”。如《左传·隐公三年》载宋穆公语：“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;寡人&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;弗敢忘。”这里的“寡”是自谦“寡德”，并非虚饰，而是春秋政治中“以德配位”观念的体现。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;“不谷”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt; 则更为古老，见于《左传·僖公四年》，楚成王对齐桓公使臣说：“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;不谷&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;之罪也。”杜预注：“不谷，诸侯谦称。”此词源自周室先王，后来被南方诸侯如楚、吴、越广泛使用，意为“不善”，比“寡人”更显自责之意。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;三、划时代变革：秦始皇定“朕”为皇帝专称&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;这是史料最清晰、影响最深远的一次变革。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;《史记·秦始皇本纪》载，秦始皇统一六国后，丞相李斯等上议：“今陛下兴义兵，诛残贼，平定天下……臣等昧死上尊号，王为‘泰皇’。”秦始皇批示：“去‘泰’，著‘皇’，采上古‘帝’位号，号曰‘皇帝’。”随后特别规定：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote style=&quot;border-left: 2px solid rgb(173, 178, 184); margin: 16px 0px 0px; padding-left: 14px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;天子自称曰‘朕’。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;在此之前，“朕”字在《尔雅·释诂》中解释为“我也”，甲骨文和金文中常作第一人称代词，不分尊卑。屈原《离骚》开篇“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;朕&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;皇考曰伯庸”，即屈原本人自称。秦始皇强行将这一常用词收归皇家专用，并禁天下人使用。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;自此，“朕”从普通代词升格为&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;绝对君权的语言标记&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。此后两千年，除分裂割据时期的草头王外，正统王朝的皇帝在正式诏令中一律用“朕”。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;四、两汉经学规范：正式与私下泾渭分明&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;汉代确立了严格的使用语境分化，史料记载非常具体：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;正式诏书&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：必称“朕”。如《汉书·文帝纪》载汉文帝即位诏：“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;朕&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;初即位，其赦天下。”无一例外。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;策命诸侯王&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：用“朕”。如《后汉书·光武帝纪》中策命窦融：“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;朕&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;甚嘉之。”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;私下对话与书信&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：汉初帝王仍保留先秦习惯，用“吾”或“我”。《史记·高祖本纪》载刘邦对臣下说：“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;吾&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;今日为公事。”又《汉书·张良传》载刘邦语：“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;我&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;欲易之。”这并非不敬，而是语境上的公私之分。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;东汉经学家郑玄在注《礼记》时明确归纳：“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;今之‘朕’，即古之‘予’；今之‘吾’，则私称也。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;”这一论断概括了正式与非正式的边界。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;五、魏晋至唐宋：稳定传承与细微变化&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;此间，“朕”作为法定自称完全固化，所有正史帝纪中的诏书皆以“朕”起首。但有两个史料值得注意：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol start=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;《晋书·元帝纪》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;载，东晋开国时，元帝司马睿“谦让不受”，群臣上表劝进，元帝答曰：“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;孤&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;罪人也。”此处“孤”并非妄自称号，而是用于&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;特殊情境——尚未正式登基、且心怀愧疚时&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;的临时自称。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;《宋史·真宗纪》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;中，宋真宗与宰相寇准议事时，史载“帝曰：‘&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;吾&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;固知准能办此。’”这再次证明，在&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;口头对近臣&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;时，宋朝皇帝依然会用“吾”或“我”，只是正史记载时多转化为“帝曰”以避免直接书写。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;值得特别指出的是&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;宋代“官家”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt; 一称。《续资治通鉴长编》载，宋仁宗时宫中内侍称皇帝为“官家”，但这是&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;他称&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;而非自称。宋太宗曾对臣下解释：“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;官家&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;者，五帝官天下，三王家天下，兼称之。”但这是解释称谓含义，并非皇帝自我使用的自称。皇帝本人不会在正式场合自称“官家”。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;六、元代：双语制度的史料实证&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;《元史·世祖纪》载，忽必烈建元中统后，汉文诏书一律以“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;朕&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;”开头，遵循汉制。但在《蒙古秘史》等蒙文史料中，大汗自称“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;bi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;”（蒙古语“我”），复数敬称用“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;bida&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;”（我们）。这是元朝&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;双轨制&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;的语言证据——对汉族臣民用汉式自称，对蒙古部族用本民族语言，但汉文正史中统记为“朕”。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;七、明清两代：朕的绝对垄断&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;明代&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：《明实录》中太祖朱元璋的诏书无一例外以“朕”起首。洪武二十八年《皇明祖训》明文规定：“凡诸王及内臣，不得称‘朕’。”违者以谋逆论处。从语言学上彻底垄断该字。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;清代&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：《清实录》的汉文部分全部用“朕”。但《满文老档》记载，满语中皇帝自称“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;bi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;”（我），在涉及汗权时用专属词“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;ejen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;”（主人之意），但汉文诏令绝对遵循“朕”。康熙帝在与苏麻喇姑等满族近侍的满语信件中，确有自称“bi”的史料留存，但汉文谕旨仍恒用“朕”。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;八、最重要的一条礼制铁律：对上天的自称&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;这是最容易被忽略、但史料依据最硬的一条。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;《大唐开元礼》和《明会典》详细记载了皇帝祭天、祭地、祭太庙时的祝文格式。在祝文中，皇帝对昊天上帝、皇地祇、列祖列宗，一概自称“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;臣&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;”。例如《宋史·礼志》载南郊祝文：“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;臣&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;某敢以明年正月朔日，有事于上帝。”在神明面前，皇帝是下位者，必须用臣礼。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;另外，在正式册封皇后、太子的策文中，皇帝会以“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;予&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;”自称，这沿袭《尚书》古义，表示“我在行使天命所授的册封之权”。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;九、最硬的“史料误读”纠正（必看）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;很多人受影视剧影响，以为皇帝对臣下自称“孤家寡人”。但事实上：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;查遍《二十五史》帝纪，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;没有一位正统王朝的皇帝在登基后用“孤”或“寡人”自称&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。这两个词在秦汉以后，已降级为&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;诸侯王、割据政权君主或身陷困境的逊帝&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;所用。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;如《三国志·吴主传》载，孙权称帝前自称“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;孤&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;”，但正式称帝改元后，诏书中立即改用“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;朕&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;”。史料区分极其严格。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;十、总结：史料中的自称体系&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area ds-scroll-area--show-on-focus-within ds-scroll-area--enabled _1210dd7 c03cafe9&quot; style=&quot;--dsl-scroll-area-gutters-disappear-delay: 1s; z-index: 0; position: relative; overflow: auto; scrollbar-width: none; --padding-left: calc(( 1011px - (840px - 2 * 44px) ) / 2 + (840px - 2 * 44px - 100%)); --padding-right: 54px; width: calc(100% + 75.5px); padding-left: calc(-100% + 881.5px); padding-right: 54px; margin-left: calc(100% - 881.5px); color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); --container-height: 368px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__gutters&quot; style=&quot;--dsl-scroll-area-scrollbar-bg: #e5e5e5; --dsl-scroll-area-scrollbar-hover: #d4d4d4; pointer-events: none; z-index: 1000; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-out 1s; --container-height: 368px; position: sticky; top: 0px; left: 0px; right: 0px; width: 827.5px; height: 0px; opacity: 1 !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__horizontal-gutter&quot; style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; right: 0px; top: 354px; height: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__vertical-gutter&quot; style=&quot;position: absolute; right: 3px; top: 3px; bottom: -365px; width: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table width=&quot;NaN&quot;&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr class=&quot;firstRow&quot;&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;自称&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;史料出处&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;适用范围&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;性质&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;予一人&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;《尚书·汤诰》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;商周君主正式诰命&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;神圣责任唯一性&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;冲人&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;《尚书·金縢》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;幼年君主&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;年龄特定谦称&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;寡人、孤、不谷&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;《礼记·曲礼》《左传》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;周代诸侯、割据君主&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;自谦自省（秦汉后失效）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;朕&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;《史记·秦始皇本纪》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;秦汉至清历代正式诏书&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;法定、绝对、垄断&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;吾、我&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;《史记》《汉书》君臣对话&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;口头、私下、近臣之间&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;非正式情境&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;臣&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;《大唐开元礼》《宋史·礼志》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;祭天、祭祖祝文&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;面对上天时的礼制谦卑&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;予&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;《明会典·册立仪》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;册封皇后、太子策文&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;沿袭《尚书》古礼&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;最后，引用唐代经学家孔颖达在《五经正义》中的总结：“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;天子之号，称‘朕’以临下，称‘予’以告神，称‘吾’以示亲，各当其位，不容僭差。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;”这十六个字，精准概括了古代帝王自称的全部核心逻辑——&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;不是随意选择，而是礼法制度的精微映射&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><pubDate>Wed, 24 Jun 2026 13:44:17 +0800</pubDate></item><item><title>历史常识：文庙</title><link>http://www.wenhuachangshi.com/tixizhidu/1302/</link><description>&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;文庙，又称孔庙、夫子庙，是祭祀至圣先师孔子的礼制性庙宇。它不仅是中国古代最高等级的建筑遗存之一，更是一部&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;用神位排列而成的中国儒家思想通史&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。文庙的核心价值，在于其严密的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;从祀制度&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;——通过将历代杰出人物配享庙廷，官方得以确立并动态维护儒家的道统谱系。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;与武庙（关帝庙、岳王庙）不同，文庙的入选标准并非战功，而是&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;道德、学问与教化功绩&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。然而，在长达两千多年的祭祀演变中，有极少数人物因其“出将入相”或“忠义死节”的特殊履历，同时跨越了文、武两庙的门槛，这背后折射出历代帝王的政治权衡与价值导向。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;以下将从&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;历史沿革、建筑格局、从祀先贤先儒详录、文武合祀特例、文化内涵&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;五个维度，为你完整呈现这座儒家圣殿的全貌。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: 32px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;一、历史沿革：从家庙到国庙&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;文庙的地位随着儒家思想的尊崇而逐步升级：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol start=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;雏形期（春秋）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：公元前478年，鲁哀公将孔子故宅改建为庙，“岁时奉祀”，此为曲阜孔庙之始，也是天下所有文庙的祖庭。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;确立期（汉唐）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：汉武帝“罢黜百家，独尊儒术”，孔子地位拔高；唐太宗贞观四年（630年）诏令“天下学皆立孔庙”，正式确立&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;“庙学合一”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;制度，文庙自此遍布全国各州县。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;鼎盛期（宋明清）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：明代将孔庙大成殿提升至&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;帝王规制的九间大殿&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;，屋顶用黄色琉璃瓦；清代康熙帝御题“万世师表”、乾隆帝多次亲临曲阜祭孔，孔庙建筑群达到极盛。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;近代沿革&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：民国时期废除祭孔跪拜礼，改为鞠躬礼。如今，文庙作为传统文化遗产和爱国主义教育基地，继续发挥着弘扬儒学、传承礼乐的功能。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: 32px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;二、建筑格局：凝固的礼制秩序&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;标准文庙严格遵循&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;中轴对称、等级森严&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;的儒家礼制，由南至北核心建筑依次为：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area ds-scroll-area--show-on-focus-within ds-scroll-area--enabled _1210dd7 c03cafe9&quot; style=&quot;--dsl-scroll-area-gutters-disappear-delay: 1s; z-index: 0; position: relative; overflow: auto; scrollbar-width: none; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); --container-height: 468px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__gutters&quot; style=&quot;--dsl-scroll-area-scrollbar-bg: #e5e5e5; --dsl-scroll-area-scrollbar-hover: #d4d4d4; pointer-events: none; z-index: 1000; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-out 1s; --container-height: 468px; position: sticky; top: 0px; left: 0px; right: 0px; width: 752px; height: 0px; opacity: 1 !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__horizontal-gutter&quot; style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; right: 0px; top: 454px; height: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__vertical-gutter&quot; style=&quot;position: absolute; right: 3px; top: 3px; bottom: -465px; width: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table width=&quot;752&quot;&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr class=&quot;firstRow&quot;&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;建筑名称&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;位置与功能&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;文化含义&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;万仞宫墙&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;最南端的照壁&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;语出《论语》“夫子之墙数仞”，喻孔子学问高深莫测。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;棂星门&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;第一道正门&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;棂星即天镇星，意为孔子施教如天降甘霖，教化万民。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;泮池与泮桥&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;棂星门后，半圆形水池&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;古时学子入学称“入泮”，只有中了秀才者方可过桥，是科举功名的象征。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;大成门&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;主体建筑入口&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;门内两侧分设&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;名宦祠&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（祀当地有政绩官员）与&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;乡贤祠&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（祀当地有德行乡绅）。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;大成殿&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;核心正殿&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;面阔九间，重檐庑殿顶或歇山顶，铺黄色琉璃瓦。殿内正中供孔子，两侧配祀四配、十二哲。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;东西两庑&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;大成殿前两侧厢房&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;供奉历代先贤（东庑，以孔门弟子为主）与先儒（西庑，历代大儒），是从祀体系的主体。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;崇圣祠&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;大成殿后方&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;供奉孔子五代祖先，体现儒家“慎终追远”之孝道。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: 32px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;三、从祀先贤先儒详录（完整谱系）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;文庙祭祀体系分为四个严格的等级，由高到低依次为：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;四配 → 十二哲 → 先贤（东庑）→ 先儒（西庑）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;第一等级：四配（配享）—— 大成殿内，孔子像两侧&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;他们是孔门中最杰出的四位传人，地位仅次于孔子，享“配享”之礼——即坐在孔子旁边受祭。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area ds-scroll-area--show-on-focus-within ds-scroll-area--enabled _1210dd7 c03cafe9&quot; style=&quot;--dsl-scroll-area-gutters-disappear-delay: 1s; z-index: 0; position: relative; overflow: auto; scrollbar-width: none; --padding-left: calc(( 1011px - (840px - 2 * 44px) ) / 2 + (840px - 2 * 44px - 100%)); --padding-right: 54px; width: calc(100% + 75.5px); padding-left: calc(-100% + 881.5px); padding-right: 54px; margin-left: calc(100% - 881.5px); color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); --container-height: 330px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__gutters&quot; style=&quot;--dsl-scroll-area-scrollbar-bg: #e5e5e5; --dsl-scroll-area-scrollbar-hover: #d4d4d4; pointer-events: none; z-index: 1000; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-out 1s; --container-height: 330px; position: sticky; top: 0px; left: 0px; right: 0px; width: 827.5px; height: 0px; opacity: 1 !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__horizontal-gutter&quot; style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; right: 0px; top: 316px; height: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__vertical-gutter&quot; style=&quot;position: absolute; right: 3px; top: 3px; bottom: -327px; width: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table width=&quot;NaN&quot;&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr class=&quot;firstRow&quot;&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;封号&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;姓名&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;生卒&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;入选理由&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;复圣&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;颜回&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（字子渊）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;前521—前481&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;孔子最得意的弟子，以“安贫乐道”著称，被赞“贤哉回也”。后世尊为儒者修身的最高典范。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;宗圣&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;曾参&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（字子舆）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;前505—前435&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;以“孝道”闻名，作《大学》，传《孝经》。其“吾日三省吾身”是儒家内省工夫的源头。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;述圣&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;孔伋&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（字子思）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;前483—前402&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;孔子之孙，曾参的弟子。作《中庸》，上承孔子，下启孟子，是儒家心性论的关键桥梁。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;亚圣&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;孟轲&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（字子舆）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;前372—前289&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;战国时期儒家代表人物，提出“性善论”与“民贵君轻”思想，使儒学体系最终完备。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;第二等级：十二哲 —— 大成殿内，四配之后&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;包括孔门十一位优秀弟子及唯一一位后世大儒——南宋理学家朱熹。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area ds-scroll-area--show-on-focus-within ds-scroll-area--enabled _1210dd7 c03cafe9&quot; style=&quot;--dsl-scroll-area-gutters-disappear-delay: 1s; z-index: 0; position: relative; overflow: auto; scrollbar-width: none; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); --container-height: 673px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__gutters&quot; style=&quot;--dsl-scroll-area-scrollbar-bg: #e5e5e5; --dsl-scroll-area-scrollbar-hover: #d4d4d4; pointer-events: none; z-index: 1000; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-out 1s; --container-height: 673px; position: sticky; top: 0px; left: 0px; right: 0px; width: 752px; height: 0px; opacity: 1 !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__horizontal-gutter&quot; style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; right: 0px; top: 659px; height: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__vertical-gutter&quot; style=&quot;position: absolute; right: 3px; top: 3px; bottom: -670px; width: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table width=&quot;752&quot;&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr class=&quot;firstRow&quot;&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;序号&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;姓名&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;主要成就与入选理由&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;闵损&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（字子骞）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;以孝行著称，在孔门中以德行与颜回并称。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;冉耕&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（字伯牛）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;孔门“德行”科代表人物，有仁德之誉。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;冉雍&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（字仲弓）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;孔子赞其“可使南面”（有治国之才）。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;宰予&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（字子我）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;孔门“言语”科高弟，善于辞令与外交。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;端木赐&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（字子贡）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;“言语”科之首，极善经商与外交，是孔子晚年最依赖的弟子。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;冉求&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（字子有）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;“政事”科高弟，多才多艺，有实际政治才能。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;仲由&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（字子路）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;“政事”科代表，性格刚直勇武，一生忠于孔子。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;言偃&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（字子游）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;“文学”科高弟，擅礼乐教化，以弦歌治邑。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;卜商&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（字子夏）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;“文学”科之首，精通典籍，是战国初期儒学传播的关键人物。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;颛孙师&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（字子张）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;孔子晚年弟子，主张“见危致命，见得思义”。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;有若&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（字子有）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;因相貌与孔子相似，曾短暂被推举为师，强识好古。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;朱熹&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（字元晦）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;唯一非孔门弟子入选者&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。南宋理学集大成者，著《四书章句集注》，元明清三代科举必读教科书。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;第三等级：先贤 —— 东庑（约四十余位，以孔门弟子为主）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;东庑供奉的主要是孔门七十二贤中的嫡传弟子，以及少数早期传授六经有功的贤人。代表性人物包括：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;公良孺&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（字子正）：孔子弟子，有勇力，曾率族众护卫孔子。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;秦商&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（字子丕）：孔子弟子，才德兼备。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;颜高&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（字子骄）：孔子弟子，以勇武闻名。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;叔仲会&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（字子期）：孔子弟子，年少好学。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;公孙龙&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（字子石）：孔子弟子，以“异闻”著称。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;blockquote style=&quot;border-left: 2px solid rgb(173, 178, 184); margin: 16px 0px 0px; padding-left: 14px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;入选标准&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：凡孔门嫡传弟子及早期传授《诗》《书》《礼》《易》《春秋》有功的贤人，多入东庑。他们共同构成了儒家学派的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;创世根基&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;第四等级：先儒 —— 西庑（历代大儒，人数最多，动态更新）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;西庑供奉的是历代对儒学发展有&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;开创性贡献&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;的大儒。这是&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;动态调整&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;最频繁的区域，入选即代表官方的最高学术认可。以下按时代列举重要者：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area ds-scroll-area--show-on-focus-within ds-scroll-area--enabled _1210dd7 c03cafe9&quot; style=&quot;--dsl-scroll-area-gutters-disappear-delay: 1s; z-index: 0; position: relative; overflow: auto; scrollbar-width: none; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); --container-height: 840px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__gutters&quot; style=&quot;--dsl-scroll-area-scrollbar-bg: #e5e5e5; --dsl-scroll-area-scrollbar-hover: #d4d4d4; pointer-events: none; z-index: 1000; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-out 1s; --container-height: 840px; position: sticky; top: 0px; left: 0px; right: 0px; width: 752px; height: 0px; opacity: 1 !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__horizontal-gutter&quot; style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; right: 0px; top: 826px; height: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__vertical-gutter&quot; style=&quot;position: absolute; right: 3px; top: 3px; bottom: -837px; width: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table width=&quot;752&quot;&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr class=&quot;firstRow&quot;&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;时代&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;姓名&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;入选理由&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;春秋&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;左丘明&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;作《春秋左氏传》，以史实解经，是春秋学最重要的传人。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;战国&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;公羊高、谷梁赤&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;分别传《春秋公羊传》《春秋谷梁传》，为今文经学两大派始祖。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;汉代&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;董仲舒&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;提出“天人感应”与“罢黜百家”，使儒学成为官方意识形态。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;汉代&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;郑玄&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;遍注群经，融合今古文经学，是汉代经学的集大成者。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;唐代&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;韩愈&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;发起古文运动，力辟佛老，重建儒学道统，被誉为“文起八代之衰”。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;宋代&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;周敦颐&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;北宋理学开山鼻祖，作《太极图说》，为理学建立宇宙论框架。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;宋代&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;张载&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;提出“为天地立心，为生民立命”的横渠四句，创立关学。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;宋代&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;程颢、程颐&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;北宋理学奠基人，强调“天理”与“格物致知”，直接影响了朱熹。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;宋代&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;陆九渊&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;心学创始人，提出“心即理”，与朱熹分庭抗礼。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;明代&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;王守仁（王阳明）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;心学集大成者，提出“致良知”与“知行合一”，明万历年间入祀。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;明代&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;陈献章&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;明代心学先驱，开江门学派。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;清代&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;顾炎武&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;提出“天下兴亡，匹夫有责”，开清代朴学之风，光绪年间入祀。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;清代&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;黄宗羲&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;著《明儒学案》，为中国第一部学术史，光绪年间入祀。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;清代&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;王夫之&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;批判理学空谈，强调经世致用，光绪年间入祀。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: 32px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;四、特殊专题：同时入选文武庙的“跨界”人物&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;文庙主“道统”，武庙（唐称太公尚父庙，明后以关岳为主）主“忠勇”。两者本为独立系统，但有极少数人物因&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;“出将入相”的全面才能&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;或&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;“殉国死节”的忠义气节&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;，同时被两套体系接纳。这背后是历代帝王出于政治需要，对历史人物进行的“文武双修”式包装。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;第一类：出将入相的“儒将”型&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area ds-scroll-area--show-on-focus-within ds-scroll-area--enabled _1210dd7 c03cafe9&quot; style=&quot;--dsl-scroll-area-gutters-disappear-delay: 1s; z-index: 0; position: relative; overflow: auto; scrollbar-width: none; --padding-left: calc(( 1011px - (840px - 2 * 44px) ) / 2 + (840px - 2 * 44px - 100%)); --padding-right: 54px; width: calc(100% + 75.5px); padding-left: calc(-100% + 881.5px); padding-right: 54px; margin-left: calc(100% - 881.5px); color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); --container-height: 188px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__gutters&quot; style=&quot;--dsl-scroll-area-scrollbar-bg: #e5e5e5; --dsl-scroll-area-scrollbar-hover: #d4d4d4; pointer-events: none; z-index: 1000; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-out 1s; --container-height: 188px; position: sticky; top: 0px; left: 0px; right: 0px; width: 827.5px; height: 0px; opacity: 1 !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__horizontal-gutter&quot; style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; right: 0px; top: 174px; height: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__horizontal-bar&quot; style=&quot;cursor: initial; pointer-events: all; background-color: transparent; position: relative; height: 8px; margin-bottom: auto; left: 0px; width: 614.617px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__vertical-gutter&quot; style=&quot;position: absolute; right: 3px; top: 3px; bottom: -185px; width: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table width=&quot;NaN&quot; style=&quot;width: 803px;&quot;&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr class=&quot;firstRow&quot;&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;姓名&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;文庙身份&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;入选理由（文）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;武庙身份&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;入选理由（武）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;诸葛亮&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;先儒（西庑），清雍正年间入祀&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;《出师表》《诫子书》体现忠义与慎独；治蜀有方，被视为“王佐之才”典范。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;武庙十哲（唐）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;八阵图、五次北伐，军事才能被历代兵家推崇。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;李靖&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;先儒（西庑），清康熙年间入祀&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;托名其著的《李卫公问对》被收入《武经七书》，成为武举必读经典，实现了“以儒释兵”。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;武庙十哲（唐）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;灭东突厥、平定吐谷浑，被誉为唐代战神。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;第二类：以“忠义死节”入祀的文人&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area ds-scroll-area--show-on-focus-within ds-scroll-area--enabled _1210dd7 c03cafe9&quot; style=&quot;--dsl-scroll-area-gutters-disappear-delay: 1s; z-index: 0; position: relative; overflow: auto; scrollbar-width: none; --padding-left: calc(( 1011px - (840px - 2 * 44px) ) / 2 + (840px - 2 * 44px - 100%)); --padding-right: 54px; width: calc(100% + 75.5px); padding-left: calc(-100% + 881.5px); padding-right: 54px; margin-left: calc(100% - 881.5px); color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); --container-height: 163px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__gutters&quot; style=&quot;--dsl-scroll-area-scrollbar-bg: #e5e5e5; --dsl-scroll-area-scrollbar-hover: #d4d4d4; pointer-events: none; z-index: 1000; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-out 1s; --container-height: 163px; position: sticky; top: 0px; left: 0px; right: 0px; width: 827.5px; height: 0px; opacity: 1 !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__horizontal-gutter&quot; style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; right: 0px; top: 149px; height: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__horizontal-bar&quot; style=&quot;cursor: initial; pointer-events: all; background-color: transparent; position: relative; height: 8px; margin-bottom: auto; left: 0px; width: 599.218px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__vertical-gutter&quot; style=&quot;position: absolute; right: 3px; top: 3px; bottom: -160px; width: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table width=&quot;NaN&quot; style=&quot;width: 803px;&quot;&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr class=&quot;firstRow&quot;&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;姓名&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;文庙身份&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;入选理由（文）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;武庙身份&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;入选理由（武）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;张巡&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;先儒（西庑），清雍正年间入祀&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;安史之乱中死守睢阳，粮尽杀妾飨士，城破殉国，被儒家高度评价为“忠烈守义”的极致。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;武庙七十二将（宋）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;以数千兵力牵制叛军主力，创造了军事史上的防御奇迹。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;许远&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;先儒（西庑），清咸丰年间入祀&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;与张巡共守睢阳，临危不屈，协同死节。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;武庙七十二将（宋）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;协同守城，威震敌胆。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;blockquote style=&quot;border-left: 2px solid rgb(173, 178, 184); margin: 16px 0px 0px; padding-left: 14px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;重要澄清&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;关羽&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;虽为武庙主神（武圣），但&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;并未入选官方文庙的东西两庑从祀序列&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。明清时期部分地方文庙的乡贤祠或名宦祠中偶有奉祀，但这属于地方性行为，非国家定制，故不视为严格意义上的“双入两庙”。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;入祀时间差背后的政治密码&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;值得注意的是，这四位人物的文、武入祀时间存在显著的时间差，这恰好揭示了历代王朝不同的价值取向：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area ds-scroll-area--show-on-focus-within ds-scroll-area--enabled _1210dd7 c03cafe9&quot; style=&quot;--dsl-scroll-area-gutters-disappear-delay: 1s; z-index: 0; position: relative; overflow: auto; scrollbar-width: none; --padding-left: calc(( 1011px - (840px - 2 * 44px) ) / 2 + (840px - 2 * 44px - 100%)); --padding-right: 54px; width: calc(100% + 75.5px); padding-left: calc(-100% + 881.5px); padding-right: 54px; margin-left: calc(100% - 881.5px); color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); --container-height: 330px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__gutters&quot; style=&quot;--dsl-scroll-area-scrollbar-bg: #e5e5e5; --dsl-scroll-area-scrollbar-hover: #d4d4d4; pointer-events: none; z-index: 1000; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-out 1s; --container-height: 330px; position: sticky; top: 0px; left: 0px; right: 0px; width: 827.5px; height: 0px; opacity: 1 !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__horizontal-gutter&quot; style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; right: 0px; top: 316px; height: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__vertical-gutter&quot; style=&quot;position: absolute; right: 3px; top: 3px; bottom: -327px; width: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table width=&quot;NaN&quot;&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr class=&quot;firstRow&quot;&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;姓名&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;入武庙时间&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;入文庙时间&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;时间差揭示了什么？&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;诸葛亮&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;唐贞观年间（极早）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;清雍正年间（较晚）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;唐代重武功，将其列十哲；清代为巩固政权、树立忠臣典范，才追补文庙席位。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;李靖&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;唐贞观年间（极早）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;清康熙年间（较晚）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;清代为推崇“儒将”形象，认可其军事理论符合儒家道义。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;张巡&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;宋宣和年间（较早）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;清雍正年间（较晚）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;宋代因其死节符合理学忠义观而先入武庙；清代为激发抗敌士气再补文庙。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;许远&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;宋宣和年间（较早）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;清咸丰年间（极晚）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;比张巡入文庙晚了近120年，反映清代后期面对内忧外患，急需强调“协同死节”。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;blockquote style=&quot;border-left: 2px solid rgb(173, 178, 184); margin: 16px 0px 0px; padding-left: 14px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;结论&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：一个人能否“双入”，并非仅取决于其生前的客观功绩，更取决于&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;后代帝王出于政治需要对历史人物进行的重新解读与包装&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: 32px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;五、文化内涵：庙学合一与当代价值&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;1. 庙学合一（核心功能）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;唐代以后，“左庙右学”或“前庙后学”成为定制。文庙即官学，是古代培养官僚、传承经学的最高教育机构，承担着&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;教化民众、为国育才&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;的重任。学子们每日在文庙两侧的明伦堂读书，定期在大成殿前祭祀先师，形成了“学即祭、祭即学”的独特文化生态。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;2. 祭孔大典（释奠礼）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;每年农历八月二十七日（孔子诞辰）及春秋两季仲月上丁日，举行盛大的释奠礼。仪式包括迎神、奠帛、初献、亚献、终献、饮福受胙、送神等复杂程序，并伴有&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;八佾舞&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（八行八列共64人，天子规格的古代宫廷乐舞），是古代国家级的最高礼仪之一。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;3. 学术标尺与政治风向标&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;从祀名单的每一次增减，都不仅是学术评定，更是&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;政治风向的折射&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。明代心学盛则王阳明入祀；清末国家危亡、经世之学兴起，则顾炎武、黄宗羲、王夫之三位批判性大儒得以入祀。文庙的本质，是一部被供奉在殿堂里的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;动态儒家哲学史与政治史&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: 32px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;六、结语：文庙——一座用神位排成的中国思想博物馆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;当你走进文庙，看到大成殿正中“至圣先师”孔子肃然端坐，两侧“四配”垂手而立，殿内“十二哲”次第排开，再步入东西两庑，面对那绵延百余位先贤先儒的神位时，你看到的绝非仅是名字和牌位。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;颜回&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;代表安贫守志的修身境界，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;董仲舒&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;代表官方儒学的正式确立，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;朱熹&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;代表古典哲学的体系化巅峰，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;王阳明&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;代表个体精神的觉醒与解放，而&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;顾炎武、王夫之&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;则代表士大夫在国变之际的深沉反思。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;而&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;诸葛亮、李靖、张巡、许远&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;这四位“跨界”者的存在，则像一道桥梁，连接了文庙与武庙两大祭祀系统，提醒着我们：在儒家的理想人格中，“内圣”与“外王”、“道德”与“功业”、“文治”与“武功”从来都不是割裂的，而是可以统一于“修身、齐家、治国、平天下”的完整人生追求之中。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;文庙，正是一座用神位排列而成的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;中国思想博物馆&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。每一尊牌位背后，都是一次官方与学术、政治与理想之间的漫长对话。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 12:59:38 +0800</pubDate></item><item><title>历史常识：武庙</title><link>http://www.wenhuachangshi.com/tixizhidu/1301/</link><description>&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;提起“武庙”，今人脑海中往往浮现出红脸长髯的关公。然而，在唐、宋两代的国家祀典中，存在着一座远比关帝庙更为宏大、更具历史纵深感的军事殿堂——&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;武成王庙&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;它不是单纯的祈福之所，而是一部被“人格化”的中国军事通史。庙中从主神姜太公到殿下的历代名将，每一个牌位都是一段金戈铁马的记忆。透过这份跨越千年的名将名单，我们能清晰地看到古代政治家如何用礼法去界定“何为名将”，又如何用香火去驯服武力。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: 32px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;一、制度的诞生：盛唐气象下的“军事太学”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;公元731年（唐玄宗开元十九年），一道诏书宣告了武庙的正式诞生。唐玄宗敕令在两京及天下诸州各建“太公尚父庙”，将&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;姜子牙&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;尊为“武成王”，其规格对标文庙的“文宣王”孔子。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;政治意图&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：盛唐边功赫赫，武将地位飙升。设立武庙，意在建立一套与文庙并行的国家荣誉体系，形成“文武双轮”驱动的意识形态格局。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;入选标准&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：入祀者不仅要有卓越的军事成就，更必须符合“忠君爱国、功成身退”的儒家伦理。这是一场国家对军事英雄的“官方认证”。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;自此，中国古代军事荣誉制度走向了制度化、国家化的顶峰。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: 32px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;二、完整名将谱系：一部官方的“中国名将录”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;武庙的祭祀体系极为严密，共分为&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;主神、配享、十哲、七十二将&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;四个层级。以下是根据唐宋史料复原的完整名单。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;第一层级：主神——武成王姜太公&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;姜子牙&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（姜尚，吕尚），周朝开国元勋。之所以尊他为主神，因其兼具“帝王之师”与“开国之臣”的双重身份，完美契合了帝王对武将的最高期待——既能定国安邦，又能恪守臣节。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;第二层级：配享（亚圣）——汉留侯张良&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;张良&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;，字子房。被尊为“亚圣”，位仅次于姜太公。他“运筹帷幄之中，决胜千里之外”，却在功成后明哲保身，随赤松子游。将其置于配享之位，是帝王在告诫所有将领：最高的军事智慧不是百战百胜，而是&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;知进退、懂收敛&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;第三层级：十哲——十大军事家（宋徽宗时期最终定型）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;这是武庙最精华的部分，相当于官方钦定的“中国古代十大军事家”。依次为：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area ds-scroll-area--show-on-focus-within ds-scroll-area--enabled _1210dd7 c03cafe9&quot; style=&quot;--dsl-scroll-area-gutters-disappear-delay: 1s; z-index: 0; position: relative; overflow: auto; scrollbar-width: none; --padding-left: calc(( 1011px - (840px - 2 * 44px) ) / 2 + (840px - 2 * 44px - 100%)); --padding-right: 54px; width: calc(100% + 75.5px); padding-left: calc(-100% + 881.5px); padding-right: 54px; margin-left: calc(100% - 881.5px); color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); --container-height: 581px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__gutters&quot; style=&quot;--dsl-scroll-area-scrollbar-bg: #e5e5e5; --dsl-scroll-area-scrollbar-hover: #d4d4d4; pointer-events: none; z-index: 1000; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-out 1s; --container-height: 581px; position: sticky; top: 0px; left: 0px; right: 0px; width: 827.5px; height: 0px; opacity: 1 !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__horizontal-gutter&quot; style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; right: 0px; top: 567px; height: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__vertical-gutter&quot; style=&quot;position: absolute; right: 3px; top: 3px; bottom: -578px; width: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table width=&quot;NaN&quot;&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr class=&quot;firstRow&quot;&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;序号&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;姓名&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;时代&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;入选理由简述&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;张良&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;西汉&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;谋圣，运筹决胜，功成身退（既为配享，亦列十哲之首）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;诸葛亮&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;三国蜀汉&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;鞠躬尽瘁，治军有方，道德与智慧的双重典范&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;孙武&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;春秋齐&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;兵家鼻祖，《孙子兵法》十三篇，历代兵学第一人&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;吴起&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;战国卫&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;兵家亚圣，著《吴子兵法》，与孙武并称“孙吴”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;乐毅&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;战国燕&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;以弱燕伐强齐，连下七十余城，千古名将楷模&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;司马穰苴&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;春秋齐&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;田氏先祖，治军严整，著《司马法》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;韩信&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;西汉&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;国士无双，暗度陈仓、背水一战，为汉开国第一功臣&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;李靖&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;唐&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;大唐军神，平定东突厥，著《卫公兵法》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;李勣&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;唐&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;原名徐世勣，三朝元老，破东突厥、灭高句丽&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;郭子仪&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;唐&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;中兴名将，平定安史之乱，功盖天下而主不疑&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;第四层级：七十二将——从祀名将（唐代及宋代沿袭）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;这是规模最大、变动也最频繁的层级。以下为唐宋时期常见的从祀名将名单（由于各代略有增减，此处整理为综合版本，按时代排序）：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;先秦时期&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;越国&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：范蠡（智谋超群，功成泛舟）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;齐国&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：管仲（尊王攘夷，虽以文治称，亦擅军略）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;齐国&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：孙膑（围魏救赵，桂陵、马陵之战成名）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;齐国&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：田单（火牛阵破燕，复国功臣）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;赵国&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：廉颇（战国四大名将之一，老当益壮）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;赵国&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：李牧（守边破匈奴，屡败秦军）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;秦国&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：白起（战国四大名将之首，然因杀降被宋太祖罢黜，后复入）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;燕国&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：秦开（破东胡，拓地千里）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;魏国&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：西门豹（治邺有方，以水利军事兼修）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;两汉时期&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;西汉&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：曹参（随高祖征战，后为相国，萧规曹随）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;西汉&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：周勃（安汉功臣，平定诸吕）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;西汉&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：周亚夫（细柳营治军，平定七国之乱）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;西汉&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：卫青（七击匈奴，收复河套）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;西汉&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：霍去病（封狼居胥，冠军侯，英年早逝）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;西汉&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：赵充国（屯田破羌，以稳重著称）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;西汉&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：陈汤（“明犯强汉者，虽远必诛”）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;东汉&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：邓禹（云台二十八将之首，谋略过人）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;东汉&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：寇恂（转运粮草，治理河内）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;东汉&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：冯异（“大树将军”，谦逊不争功）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;东汉&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：贾复（勇猛善战，每战先登）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;东汉&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：吴汉（率军征伐，屡立战功）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;东汉&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：耿弇（平定齐地，被誉为“韩信再生”）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;东汉&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：段颎（平定羌乱，威震西凉）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;三国两晋时期&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;蜀汉&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：关羽（忠义化身，后世信仰之基）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;蜀汉&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：张飞（万人之敌，勇冠三军）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;东吴&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：周瑜（赤壁之战，火烧曹军）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;东吴&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：吕蒙（白衣渡江，克荆州，擒关羽）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;东吴&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：陆逊（夷陵之战，火烧连营）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;西晋&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：羊祜（镇守襄阳，有“堕泪碑”之誉）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;西晋&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：杜预（文武全才，注《左传》，平吴功臣）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;西晋&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：王濬（楼船下益州，金陵王气收）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;东晋&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：谢玄（淝水之战，以少胜多）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;东晋&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：陶侃（平定苏峻之乱，勤于政事）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;前秦&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：王猛（扪虱谈天下，辅佐苻坚统一北方）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;南北朝时期&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;南朝宋&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：檀道济（唱筹量沙，自毁长城典故主角）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;南朝陈&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：吴明彻（北伐北齐，颇有战绩）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;北魏&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：韦孝宽（玉璧之战，坚守拒高欢）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;北魏&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：杨大眼（骁勇善战，名震江南）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;北齐&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：斛律光（“落雕都督”，北齐柱石）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;北周&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：宇文宪（北周宗室名将，智勇兼备）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;北周&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：韦叔裕（即韦孝宽，此处不重复）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;隋唐时期&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;隋&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：杨素（治军严酷，但战功卓著，平陈功臣）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;隋&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：贺若弼（吴州总管，献取陈十策）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;隋&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：韩擒虎（率五百精骑，夜袭朱雀门灭陈）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;唐&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：秦叔宝（即秦琼，门神原型，勇猛善战）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;唐&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：尉迟敬德（即尉迟恭，门神原型，玄武门功臣）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;唐&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：段志玄（凌烟阁功臣，宿卫玄武门）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;唐&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：柴绍（平突厥、灭吐谷浑，驸马都尉）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;唐&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：薛仁贵（三箭定天山，征东征西，威震异域）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;唐&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：苏定方（灭三国，皆生擒其主，大唐西域征服者）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;唐&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：裴行俭（文武全才，用兵如神，且擅长书法）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;唐&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：王忠嗣（坐镇河西，边将之首，惜为奸相所害）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;唐&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：张巡（守睢阳，以数千兵抗安史叛军十余万，忠烈千秋）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;唐&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：许远（与张巡共守睢阳，以身殉国）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;（注&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：七十二将名单在唐、宋两代并非一成不变。宋太祖曾因白起杀降将其罢黜，宋徽宗时期又增补了范仲淹、狄青等本朝人物。以上为综合历代版本所列的代表性名将。）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: 32px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;三、名单背后的政治博弈：权力的刀光剑影&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;这份看似光辉的名将名单，实际上是帝王驾驭武臣的“晴雨表”。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;宋太祖罢白起&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：赵匡胤“杯酒释兵权”后，巡视武庙，指着白起画像说：“起杀已降，不武之甚。”随即将其罢黜。此举意在向全军传递“大宋不崇尚歼灭战、只求仁义之师”的信号。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;关羽的逐渐拔高&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：在唐代，关羽仅位列七十二将末流；至北宋中后期，为抵御外侮、树立忠义典范，朝廷对其层层加封，终使其成为后世“武圣”，并最终在明、清两代取代了姜太公的主神地位。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;武庙的升降，实则是国家安全战略与意识形态的实时投影。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: 32px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;四、隆重的祭祀：堪比孔庙的“太牢”之礼&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;武庙在唐宋时期是国家大祀，规格极高：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;祭品&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：使用“太牢”（牛、羊、猪三牲），与祭天、祭孔同级。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;礼仪&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：每年春秋两季（仲春、仲秋）的第二个戊日，由皇帝亲祭或派重臣致祭。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;乐舞&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：演奏专用的《宣和之舞》，六佾（三十六人）在殿前起舞。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;这场典礼，本质上是一堂&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;国家级军事伦理公开课&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：武将从中获得荣誉感，文官从中重申道德边界，而皇帝则借此宣示对军事力量的绝对掌控。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 22px; line-height: 32px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;五、历史的终结：为何被废黜？&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;武成王庙存续近六百年，至明洪武三年（1370年）被明太祖朱元璋一举废除。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;理由有二：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol start=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;君臣之防&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：朱元璋认为姜子牙是周朝臣子，封为“武成王”是以臣压君，有悖礼法。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;集权需要&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：朱元璋不允存在一个可与“文圣”孔子分庭抗礼的“武圣”体系，这不利于皇权的高度集中。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;自此，武成王庙从国家祀典中消失。其“忠义”内核被逐渐崛起的关羽所吸纳。至清代，官方武庙彻底转型为“关帝庙”，这便成了今天民间对“武庙”的普遍认知。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;hr style=&quot;background: none 0% 0% / auto repeat scroll padding-box border-box rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-width: medium; border-style: none; border-color: currentcolor; border-image: initial; height: 1px; margin: 32px 0px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal;&quot;/&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;结语：遗忘与传承&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;武成王庙虽已不存，但它所开创的“名将谱系”深刻影响了后世对历史人物的评价。直到今天，当我们争论“谁才是中国历史第一名将”时，我们依然在延续着唐宋武庙所划定的评价格局。那座消逝的庙宇，不只是一堆牌位，更是中国古代政治家试图用礼法去驯服暴力、用道德去约束武功的一次伟大而深远的尝试。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><pubDate>Sat, 20 Jun 2026 23:05:20 +0800</pubDate></item><item><title>历史常识：元四家</title><link>http://www.wenhuachangshi.com/huihuachangshi/1300/</link><description>&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;“元四家”是中国美术史上极其重要的一个画家群体，他们是元代山水画的主流代表，标志着中国文人画（尤其是山水画）的巅峰。要详细理解“元四家”，我们需要从&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;人物构成&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;时代背景&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;艺术特点&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;以及&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;历史影响&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;四个维度来深度剖析。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;一、人物构成：两种说法&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;在美术史中，“元四家”有两种主要的划分方式，但通常我们默认指&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;第一种&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol start=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;公认说法（明代董其昌确立）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;黄公望、王蒙、倪瓒、吴镇&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;另一说法（明代王世贞提出）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：将赵孟頫、黄公望、王蒙、吴镇并称（不含倪瓒）。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;为什么通常选第一种？&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt; 因为赵孟頫是“承前启后”的人物，是元代画坛的领袖，但他的活动年代跨越宋元，风格上更偏向于“复古”过渡，而黄、王、倪、吴四人则纯粹生活在元代，且彻底完成了“文人画”的笔墨独立，因此后世多尊称这四位为“元四家”。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;二、时代背景：逆境中的升华&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;要理解元四家的画，必须理解他们的生存环境：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;社会失序&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：元代废除科举制度长达数十年，汉族文人失去了传统的仕进之路，社会地位骤降（“九儒十丐”之说）。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;心态转向&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：文人不再关心治国平天下，转而将全部精力、学养和情感投入到艺术中。绘画不再是“教化”工具，而是&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;“写胸中逸气”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;的私人精神家园。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;纸本兴起&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：元代之前绘画多用绢（熟绢），适合工笔。元代文人大量使用生纸（吸水性强），这直接催生了干笔皴擦、笔墨飞白等新的美学效果。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;三、元四家各自的绝技与个性&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;这四位大家虽然是同路人，但风格迥异，各有鲜明的“标签”。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 16px 0px 8px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;1. 黄公望（字子久，号大痴）—— “浑厚华滋，集大成者”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 8px 0px 16px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;代表作&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：《富春山居图》（被誉为“画中之兰亭”）。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;风格&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：他开创了&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;浅绛山水&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（在水墨基础上罩染赭石和花青）。笔法上，他融合了董源、巨然的披麻皴，但变湿笔为干笔，中锋侧锋并用，线条如草书般摇曳。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;精髓&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：他的画不刻意奇险，而是平中见奇，表现江南山水的土质感和空气感，达到了 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;“山川浑厚，草木华滋”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt; 的境界。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h4 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 16px 0px 8px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;2. 倪瓒（字元镇，号云林）—— “极致简约，逸品最高”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 8px 0px 16px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;代表作&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：《容膝斋图》《渔庄秋霁图》。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;风格&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：人称 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;“倪高士”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt; 。他的标志性构图是 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;“一河两岸”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt; （近处坡石几株枯树，中间大片留白为水，远处一抹淡山）。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;精髓&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：他画画从不设色，只用极干的墨、极少的笔触。他自称 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;“仆之所谓画者，不过逸笔草草，不求形似，聊以自娱耳”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt; 。他将“空疏”推到了极致，画中极少画人，寓意“天地无人，只有寂寞”，这种萧疏冷寂的美学影响了后世六百年的审美。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h4 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 16px 0px 8px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;3. 王蒙（字叔明，号黄鹤山樵）—— “密不透风，苍茫郁茂”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 8px 0px 16px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;代表作&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：《青卞隐居图》。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;风格&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：他是赵孟頫的外孙，但风格完全相反。他的画面&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;繁密至极&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;，山头密密麻麻，用解锁皴、牛毛皴、卷云皴、苔点，层层积墨。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;精髓&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：他的画体现了一种 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;“不安分的生命力”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt; ，把山石树木画得像在扭动、旋转，构图顶天立地，不留余地。这种“密”与倪瓒的“疏”恰好形成极致的对比，被称为 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;“繁笔山水”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt; 的宗师。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h4 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 16px 0px 8px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;4. 吴镇（字仲圭，号梅花道人）—— “孤高清远，渔父情怀”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 8px 0px 16px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;代表作&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：《渔父图》系列。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;风格&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：他一生卖卜隐居，极爱画渔父（隐士象征）。他多用湿笔，笔法圆润厚重，善用长披麻皴，墨气淋漓。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;精髓&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：与黄公望的浑厚不同，吴镇的笔墨更有&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;水汽&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;；与倪瓒的孤寂不同，他的孤寂中带有一种超脱自在。他的题画诗极佳，是“诗书画”结合最完美的典范之一。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;四、核心美学革命：笔墨的独立&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;元四家最伟大的贡献，不是画得像不像，而是提出了&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;“笔墨”本身就是内容&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;以前的绘画&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：笔墨是描摹物象（山、水、树）的工具，画得像（形似）才是好。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;元四家的绘画&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：一根线条在画石头，但这根线条的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;干湿、浓淡、粗细、疾徐&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;，直接体现了画家的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;情绪、性格和修养&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。你看倪瓒的线，会觉得清冷；看王蒙的线，会觉得烦躁不安。这种 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;“以书入画”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt; （把书法用笔带入绘画）和 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;“写意”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt; 精神，让中国画从此走上了表情达意的抽象美之路。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;五、如何一眼区分“元四家”？&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area ds-scroll-area--show-on-focus-within ds-scroll-area--enabled _1210dd7 c03cafe9&quot; style=&quot;--dsl-scroll-area-gutters-disappear-delay: 1s; z-index: 0; position: relative; overflow: auto; scrollbar-width: none; --padding-left: calc(( 1011px - (840px - 2 * 44px) ) / 2 + (840px - 2 * 44px - 100%)); --padding-right: 54px; width: calc(100% + 75.5px); padding-left: calc(-100% + 881.5px); padding-right: 54px; margin-left: calc(100% - 881.5px); color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); --container-height: 230px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__gutters&quot; style=&quot;--dsl-scroll-area-scrollbar-bg: #e5e5e5; --dsl-scroll-area-scrollbar-hover: #d4d4d4; pointer-events: none; z-index: 1000; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-out 1s; --container-height: 230px; position: sticky; top: 0px; left: 0px; right: 0px; width: 827.5px; height: 0px; opacity: 1 !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__horizontal-gutter&quot; style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; right: 0px; top: 216px; height: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__vertical-gutter&quot; style=&quot;position: absolute; right: 3px; top: 3px; bottom: -227px; width: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table width=&quot;NaN&quot; style=&quot;width: 803px;&quot;&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr class=&quot;firstRow&quot;&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;画家&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;构图&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;用笔&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;墨色&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;整体气质&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;黄公望&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;平远辽阔，连绵起伏&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;中锋为主，披麻皴，干笔&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;浅绛（赭石+花青）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;温润厚实，长者风范&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;倪瓒&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;一河两岸，极简留白&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;侧锋折带皴，枯笔&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;纯水墨，极少渲染&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;空灵冷寂，不食人间烟火&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;王蒙&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;高远深邃，满构图&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;牛毛皴、解锁皴，繁密&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;积墨厚重&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;苍郁繁茂，极具动感&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;吴镇&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;多为江畔渔隐&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;湿笔中锋，圆润厚重&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;水墨淋漓，有湿润感&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;孤高平淡，野逸之气&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;六、历史地位与影响&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;对明清的影响&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：元四家是明清所有画家的“祖师爷”。明代董其昌推崇倪瓒为“天下第一”；清初“四王”把黄公望奉为正统，天天临摹《富春山居图》。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;对现代人的意义&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：元四家提供了一种&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;“如何在无法改变外部环境时，构建内心精神堡垒”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;的方案。他们的画，是给疲惫灵魂的一个喘息空间。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;如果你觉得以上内容太过抽象，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;我们可以做一个“模拟观画”的互动&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：你可以闭上眼睛，想象你面前挂着一幅《富春山居图》，你跟着黄公望的笔触在江边走了七里路，看到山峦起伏、渔舟唱晚……这就是元四家想给你的——&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;一次纸上的神游&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><pubDate>Fri, 19 Jun 2026 14:49:32 +0800</pubDate></item><item><title>文学常识：永嘉四灵</title><link>http://www.wenhuachangshi.com/wenxuechagnshi/1299/</link><description>&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;“永嘉四灵”是南宋中后期一个非常重要的诗歌流派，也是一个作家群体。要理解他们，我们可以从“是什么”、“为什么”、“写什么”、“怎么样”和“历史评价”这几个层面来展开。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;一、核心定义：是什么？&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;“永嘉四灵”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt; 是指南宋时期浙江永嘉（今浙江温州）的四位诗人：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol start=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;徐照&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（字灵晖）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;徐玑&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（字灵渊）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;翁卷&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（字灵舒）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;赵师秀&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（字灵秀）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;他们四人的字号中都有一个“灵”字，且诗风、诗学主张高度一致，又都是永嘉同乡，因此被后世合称为“永嘉四灵”。其中，&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;赵师秀&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;是公认的领袖人物。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;二、时代与思想背景：为什么会产生？&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;“永嘉四灵”的出现，有深刻的时代和文学背景：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol start=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;对“江西诗派”的反拨&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：在四灵之前，南宋诗坛被“江西诗派”长期主导。江西诗派讲究“无一字无来处”，喜欢在典故、拗句、生硬字面上用功夫，追求雄奇峭拔。到了南宋中后期，这种风格走向极端，变得生硬、枯涩、过于书卷气。四灵对此感到厌倦，认为诗歌失去了自然清新的生命力。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;对“理学”诗风的反感&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：南宋理学盛行，有些理学家把诗歌当作说理的工具，写出的诗像押韵的语录，缺乏审美情趣。四灵反对这种把诗变成道德讲义的做法。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;晚唐诗歌的回归&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：他们主张绕过江西诗派，直接向晚唐的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;姚合&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;和&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;贾岛&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;学习，追求一种清新、淡泊、冷寂的风格。这本质上是一场“复古”以“革新”的运动。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;三、诗歌主张与内容：写什么？&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;“四灵”的诗歌理论和创作内容非常鲜明：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;核心主张&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;“浮名何足道，山水自相宜”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。他们反对诗歌承载过多的政治、社会或道德功能，强调诗歌的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;“自适”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;性，即诗歌主要是为了吟咏性情、消遣闲愁。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;题材内容&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;list-style-type: square;&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;山水田园&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：大量描写永嘉一带的秀丽山水、乡村景色。如池塘、草木、山雨、孤云。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;隐逸生活&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：表现他们远离朝堂、闲居野处的日常生活，如访友、品茶、观画、夜坐。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;清苦心境&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：由于他们大多仕途不显（赵师秀只做过小官，其他几位多为布衣或下层官吏），诗中常有清贫、孤寂、淡泊的意味，但格调并不颓废，而是一种清雅的闲适。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;写作技巧&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;专攻五言律诗&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。他们精雕细琢中间的两联（颔联和颈联），追求字句的工整、对仗的巧妙，尤其擅长炼字，一个字用得好，整句诗就鲜活起来，被称为&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;“炼字”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;四、艺术风格与名作赏析：怎么样？&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;“四灵”的总体风格是：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;清新、淡远、精巧、冷寂&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。像一幅幅水墨小品，不求宏大，但求韵味。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;我们通过几位代表人物的名句来感受一下：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;赵师秀（领袖）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：风格最为成熟，有“鬼才”之称。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;list-style-type: square;&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;赏析&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：这是四灵中最广为人知的一首。前两句写江南夏夜的普遍景象，声音（雨声、蛙声）写得很热闹，但反衬出的却是后两句的静谧。主人等待客人，客至夜半不来，他无聊地敲着棋子，震落了灯花。这个“敲”和“落”，把百无聊赖的闲适心情写得生动传神，意境优美。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;名作&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：《约客》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote style=&quot;border-left: 2px solid rgb(173, 178, 184); margin: 16px 0px 0px; padding-left: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;黄梅时节家家雨，青草池塘处处蛙。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;有约不来过夜半，闲敲棋子落灯花。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;翁卷&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：诗风较为清苦寒瘦。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;list-style-type: square;&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;赏析&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：写秋天山水，视角独特。“忽于水底见青山”一句，妙在无心之举。他从山上往下看水，却在水中意外看到了青山的倒影，写出了一种偶然得之的惊喜和物我相融的趣味。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;名句&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：《野望》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote style=&quot;border-left: 2px solid rgb(173, 178, 184); margin: 16px 0px 0px; padding-left: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;一天秋色冷晴湾，无数峰峦远近间。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;闲上山来看野水，忽于水底见青山。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;徐玑&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：诗风工整细腻。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;list-style-type: square;&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;赏析&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：这首诗清新明快，写初秋早晨的凉爽。日光、晓烟、黄莺、青山影，色彩明丽，声音清脆，充满生活气息。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;名句&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：《泊舟呈灵晖》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote style=&quot;border-left: 2px solid rgb(173, 178, 184); margin: 16px 0px 0px; padding-left: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;水满田畴稻叶齐，日光穿树晓烟低。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;黄莺也爱新凉好，飞过青山影里啼。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;五、历史地位与局限性：如何评价？&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;积极影响&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;“永嘉四灵”在南宋诗坛掀起了新风尚，他们让诗歌从江西诗派的书斋和典故中走出来，重新回归到对自然和日常生活的细腻观察中，注重个人的直观感受，提升了诗歌的审美意趣。他们的“炼字”技巧，对后世（如清代的“性灵派”）也有启发。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;局限性&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;他们的问题也很突出，用一个词概括就是&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;“格局较小”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol start=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;内容狭窄&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：题材过于局限于个人琐事、山水小景，缺乏对时代、家国、民生的关怀。他们生活在南宋偏安时期，外有强敌，内有忧患，但诗中几乎不反映这些重大现实，被批评为“不关世事”。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;气格纤弱&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：刻意求工、求冷、求寂，使得诗歌缺乏雄浑的气势和深厚的情感力量，显得气局狭小，有“小家子气”。钱钟书先生在《宋诗选注》中曾评价他们“鄙吝琐细”，认为他们把心思都花在了一两个字眼上，却忽略了整体的气象。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;总结来说&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：“永嘉四灵”是南宋诗坛的一股“清流”，他们用精致的笔触，在一片喧嚣的时代中，为自己和读者营造了一个宁静、雅致的审美空间。他们是优秀的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;“诗人”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;，但未必是伟大的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;“诗家”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。他们像精致的盆景，有独特的艺术价值，但终究不如山川大河那般气象万千。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><pubDate>Thu, 18 Jun 2026 15:29:08 +0800</pubDate></item><item><title>文学常识：中兴四大家</title><link>http://www.wenhuachangshi.com/wenxuechagnshi/1298/</link><description>&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;关于“中兴四大家”，这在中国文学史上是一个&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;非常明确且公认的固定并称&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。它特指&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;南宋前期&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;四位著名的爱国诗人。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;在讲解之前，需要先帮你厘清一个容易混淆的概念：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;文学史上的“中兴四大家”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（南宋）：指 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;尤袤、杨万里、范成大、陆游&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。这是你今天需要掌握的核心内容。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;书法史上的“中兴四大家”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（南宋）：指 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;陆游、范成大、尤袤、朱熹&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（文学与书法重合度很高，但书法版有时会把杨万里换成朱熹）。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;通常情况下，提到“中兴四大家”默认指文学领域。下面为你详细拆解这四位巨匠。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;一、 时代背景：何为“中兴”？&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;“中兴”指南宋高宗、孝宗时期（约12世纪）。当时朝廷偏安江南，虽屈膝求和，但内部政局相对稳定，经济繁荣。这时期的士人怀揣着“收复中原”的强烈愿望，又在现实中屡屡受挫。因此，“中兴四大家”的诗歌主题高度统一：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;反对苟安、渴望北伐，同时对田园山水寄予深情&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。他们共同完成了对北宋江西诗派“掉书袋”风气的革新，开创了宋代诗歌最活泼、最贴近日常的新面貌。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;二、 四位诗人的核心成就与个性&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h4 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 16px 0px 8px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;1. 陆游（放翁）—— 爱国诗的丰碑&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 8px 0px 16px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;称号&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：现存诗作最多的中国诗人（9300余首），“小李白”。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;风格&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：雄浑豪放中带有沉郁悲凉。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;核心贡献&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：将“爱国情怀”刻入日常生活的每一个角落。他不在战场，却在梦里“铁马冰河”；他临终遗言不是家事，而是“王师北定中原日，家祭无忘告乃翁”。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;名句&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：“山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村。”（哲理）、“位卑未敢忘忧国。”（情怀）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h4 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 16px 0px 8px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;2. 杨万里（诚斋）—— 活脱灵动的“诚斋体”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 8px 0px 16px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;称号&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：诗风独创“诚斋体”，是南宋最风趣的诗人。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;风格&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：通俗明快、幽默诙谐，充满童趣。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;核心贡献&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：彻底抛弃了江西诗派刻意用典的习气，直接用白描手法捕捉自然界的瞬间动态。他看山、看水、看蜻蜓，都能写出拟人化的活泼生机。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;名句&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：“接天莲叶无穷碧，映日荷花别样红。”（壮美）、“小荷才露尖尖角，早有蜻蜓立上头。”（灵动）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h4 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 16px 0px 8px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;3. 范成大（石湖）—— 田园诗的集大成者&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 8px 0px 16px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;称号&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：中国古代田园诗的终结者（继陶渊明、王维之后）。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;风格&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：清新妩媚中带着深刻的现实关怀。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;核心贡献&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：他的《四时田园杂兴》六十首是史诗级的创作。他第一次将田园的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;美景&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;与农民的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;苦难&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（如重赋、饥荒）结合起来写，使田园诗不再只是隐士的闲情，而是农民的生存实录。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;名句&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：“昼出耘田夜绩麻，村庄儿女各当家。”（劳动）、“童孙未解供耕织，也傍桑阴学种瓜。”（童趣）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h4 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 16px 0px 8px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;4. 尤袤（遂初）—— 存诗最少的“遗珠”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 8px 0px 16px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;称号&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：四人中名气最小，但当时地位极高。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;特点&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：他的诗集因火灾几乎全部焚毁，现存仅有几十首，是“四大家”里最神秘的一位。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;风格&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：从残存诗篇看，诗风平淡细密，擅长写自然小景与羁旅愁思。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;地位&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：他在当时是文坛盟主，杨万里和范成大曾受他提携，他主要是凭借对诗歌理论的见解和藏书家的身份入选。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;三、 四人的革新意义（为什么他们很重要？）&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;在南宋初期，诗坛被&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;江西诗派&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（以黄庭坚为祖）垄断，讲究“无一字无来处”，即写诗必须引经据典。而“中兴四大家”做了一件了不起的事：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol start=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;题材下移&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：把笔伸向生活中的日常琐事（杨万里的苍蝇蚊子、范成大的田间锄头）。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;语言解放&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：大量使用口语、俚语，让诗歌变得好读、好懂。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;情感真实&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：摆脱了模仿唐诗的套路，真正写出了属于宋人自己的细腻心境。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;四、 总结与区分记忆法&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;为了方便你记忆，可以这样概括：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;最激情&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;陆游&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（主战派，一心北伐，诗里全是泪与梦）。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;最有趣&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;杨万里&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（自然观察家，万物皆有灵）。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;最接地气&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;范成大&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（记录农民生活的社会学家）。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;最低调&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;尤袤&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（名字最容易被忽略，但位份最老）。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;特别提醒&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：如果你在阅读南宋文献时看到“中兴四大诗人”，那就是指这四人（有时排序为“陆、杨、范、尤”）。但如果看到“南宋四大家”，有时指&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;李唐、刘松年、马远、夏圭&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（这是绘画领域的“南宋四家”），请注意区分语境。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><pubDate>Wed, 17 Jun 2026 13:13:02 +0800</pubDate></item><item><title>文学常识：吴中四士</title><link>http://www.wenhuachangshi.com/wenxuechagnshi/1297/</link><description>&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;“吴中四士”是唐代初期的四位著名文人组合，他们均来自江南吴地（今江苏苏州一带），活跃于唐中宗、唐睿宗至唐玄宗开元初年。这一称谓最早见于《旧唐书·贺知章传》：“知章与越州贺朝、万齐融，扬州张若虚、邢巨，湖州包融，俱以吴越之士，文词俊秀，名扬于上京。”后世将其中最负盛名的四人——&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;贺知章、张若虚、张旭、包融&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;，并称为“吴中四士”。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;他们身处初唐向盛唐过渡的关键时期，在诗歌、书法等领域承前启后，共同展现了江南文士的才情与风度。下面为你详细拆解。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;一、核心成员与各自成就&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h4 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 16px 0px 8px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;1. 贺知章（约659年—约744年）——四士之首，旷达狂客&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 8px 0px 16px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;字季真，号“四明狂客”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。他一生仕途顺遂，官至太子宾客、秘书监，是四士中官职最高、寿命最长（86岁）的一位。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;诗歌成就&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：以绝句见长，风格清新潇洒、不事雕琢。代表作《咏柳》“不知细叶谁裁出，二月春风似剪刀”和《回乡偶书》“少小离家老大回，乡音无改鬓毛衰”，语言平易却意境深远，充满生活情趣。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;书法造诣&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：善草隶，与张旭齐名，常醉后挥毫，被时人视为“狂客”。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;轶事&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：他是李白一生铭记的伯乐。李白初入长安时，贺知章读其《蜀道难》后惊呼“此天上谪仙人也”，并解下金龟换酒与李白畅饮，成为唐代文坛千古佳话。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h4 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 16px 0px 8px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;2. 张若虚（约670年—约730年）——孤篇横绝，以一人之力定盛唐气象&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 8px 0px 16px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;他的生平史料极少，仅知曾任兖州兵曹，但凭借一首《春江花月夜》奠定了他在中国文学史上的不朽地位。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;《春江花月夜》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt; 被闻一多先生誉为“诗中的诗，顶峰上的顶峰”。此诗以春江、花、月、夜为背景，将宇宙之浩渺、人生之短暂、游子思妇之离情融为一体。其中“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;江畔何人初见月？江月何年初照人？&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;”的追问，展现了深邃的哲理思考；而“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;人生代代无穷已，江月年年望相似&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;”则冲淡了悲伤，升华为对生命绵延的礼赞。全诗九段，三十六句，四句一转韵，韵律宛转悠扬，彻底洗去了六朝宫体的脂粉气，堪称初唐诗歌的巅峰。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;重要影响&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：他流传下的诗仅存两首（另一首为《代答闺梦还》），但仅此一首，便足以让他的名字与屈原、陶渊明、李白、杜甫并列。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h4 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 16px 0px 8px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;3. 张旭（约675年—约750年）——草圣，狂草艺术的奠基人&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 8px 0px 16px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;字伯高&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;，官至金吾长史，世称“张长史”。他的最大成就不在诗，而在书法，尤其是草书。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;草书成就&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：他精通楷书，更以狂草名世。其草书恣肆奔放、连绵回绕，如龙蛇飞动，将个人情感与书法线条完美融合，被后世尊为“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;草圣&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;”。其传世墨迹《古诗四帖》被誉为狂草中的神品。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;创作特点&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：张旭嗜酒，常大醉后呼叫奔走，然后下笔，甚至“以头濡墨而书”，醒后自视以为神助，故有“张颠”之称。其书法灵感源自自然万象，他自称观公孙大娘舞剑器、见担夫争道、闻鼓吹，皆可悟得笔法之意。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;诗歌与影响&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：他亦能诗，但诗名被书名所掩。其草书直接影响了后来的颜真卿和怀素，共同构筑了唐代狂草的高峰。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h4 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 16px 0px 8px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;4. 包融（约695年—约760年）——山水清音，开盛唐山水诗先声&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 8px 0px 16px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;他是四人中存世资料最少、诗作散失最多的一位。仅《全唐诗》录其诗八首。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;诗歌风格&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：诗风以描写山水田园为主，语言清丽淡雅，意境宁静幽远，与稍后的王维、孟浩然一脉相承。代表作《&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;武陵桃源送人&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;》：“武陵川径入幽遐，中有鸡犬秦人家，先时见者为谁耶？源水今流桃复花。”已显盛唐山水诗空灵之韵。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;家族影响&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：他与儿子包何、包佶均为唐代知名诗人，一门数代皆以诗名，在唐代文学家族中颇具代表性。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;二、共同特征与时代精神&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol start=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;地域文化属性&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：均来自吴越之地，江南水乡的灵秀风光与细腻情感，赋予他们清新俊逸、灵动潇洒的创作气质，与北方文人的雄浑厚重形成互补。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;承上启下的历史作用&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：他们活跃于初唐与盛唐之交，其创作实践有力地消除了六朝以来宫体诗的浮艳文风，为盛唐诗歌的雄浑、自然、超逸风格开辟了道路。尤其是张若虚的哲理诗和张旭的狂草，极具盛唐气象的先声。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;“狂”与“逸”并存的个性&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：贺知章的“狂”、张旭的“颠”，并非放浪形骸，而是才情横溢、个性解放的表现。这种追求精神自由、不拘礼法的风度，正是盛唐文人气质的前奏。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;三、历史地位总评&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;诗歌层面&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：四士中，贺知章、张若虚入列“仙宗十友”（唐代跨时代的十位著名诗人），张若虚更被后世推为“唐诗第一人”候选；包融诗虽存少，但可作为唐代江南诗派发展的重要一环。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;艺术融合&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：张旭将草书推向极致，与贺知章的书法一起，代表了唐代书法艺术的巅峰成就，使“吴中四士”成为横跨诗歌与书法两大领域的唯一文人组合。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;一句话总结&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：他们是初唐文坛的“江南才子天团”，既彰显了吴越文化的优雅底蕴，又以狂放不羁的个性与空前绝后的艺术创造力，奏响了盛唐之音的开篇序曲。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><pubDate>Tue, 16 Jun 2026 17:40:41 +0800</pubDate></item><item><title>历史常识：北宋五子</title><link>http://www.wenhuachangshi.com/lishimingren/1296/</link><description>&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;“北宋五子”是宋明理学（特别是道学）的开创性人物，他们生活在11世纪，在儒家思想面临佛、道挑战的背景下，通过重新阐释儒家经典，构建了一套全新的宇宙论和心性论体系。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;简单来说，“北宋五子”是指：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;周敦颐、邵雍、张载、程颢、程颐&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;（程氏兄弟）。其中，周敦颐被视为开山鼻祖，二程是理学体系的真正奠基人，而张载和邵雍则在不同维度贡献了关键思想。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;下面为你逐一详细讲解：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;一、周敦颐（1017-1073）——濂溪先生，理学开山&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;核心贡献&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：写出《太极图说》与《通书》，为儒家构建了全新的&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;宇宙生成论&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;。他被称为“孔孟后第一人”，是二程的老师。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;核心思想&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;list-style-type: square;&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;《太极图说》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：提出“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;无极而太极&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;”。他认为，宇宙的起点是无形无象的“无极”，同时又是最高原理“太极”。太极动而生阳，静而生阴，阴阳交合而生五行，最终化生万物。这用一套哲学模型解释了“世界从哪里来”。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;诚与“主静”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：在《通书》中，他将“诚”视为宇宙与人的共同本质（“诚者，圣人之本”）。人生修养的最高法则是“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;主静&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;”，即排除私欲杂念，恢复内心的纯净。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;《爱莲说》&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：这篇我们熟知的散文，正是他理想人格的文学表达——“出淤泥而不染”，象征君子高洁的品格。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;二、邵雍（1011-1077）——康节先生，象数大师&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;核心贡献&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：开创“先天象数学”，用数字和卦象构建了宏大的宇宙历史周期律，对后世术数和哲学都有深远影响。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;核心思想&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;list-style-type: square;&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;先天学&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：认为宇宙万物的变化都遵循一套先验的数理规则，并画出《伏羲先天六十四卦方位图》等，核心是“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;一分为二，二分为四&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;”的二进制思想。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;元会运世&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：创立了宏大的宇宙历史时间观。以“元、会、运、世”（1元=12会=360运=4320世=129600年）为计算单位，认为历史兴衰、宇宙变化都严格遵守这个周期律。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;安乐哲学&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：虽精通术数，但并非算命先生。他主张“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;安乐窝&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;”式的生活境界，即通过洞悉宇宙规律，达到与道合一、内心安乐的“观物”境界。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;三、张载（1020-1077）——横渠先生，气本论代表&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;核心贡献&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：建立“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;太虚即气&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;”的气一元论哲学，彻底从哲学上解释了世界统一性问题。他有句名言至今激励着无数人：“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;为天地立心，为生民立命，为往圣继绝学，为万世开太平&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;”，即“横渠四句”。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;核心思想&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;list-style-type: square;&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;气本论&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：认为世界的本源是“气”，“太虚”是气的原始状态。万物由气的聚散而成，聚则显为物，散则复归太虚。这用物质性的“气”解释了万物的存在与消亡。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;民胞物与&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：既然万物由一气所生，那么天下人都是我的同胞，万物都是我的同伴。这提出了“宇宙即是我家”的博爱情怀。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;天地之性与气质之性&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：首次明确区分了两种人性。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;天地之性&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;是人从天理那里获得的纯善本性；&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;气质之性&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;是个人出生后因身体、气质带来的欲望和偏颇。学问修养就是变化气质，回归天地之性。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;四、程颢（1032-1085）——明道先生，心性论的开拓者&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;核心贡献&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：与弟弟程颐共创“洛学”，是理学“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;天理&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;”范畴的确立者之一。他着重发展了&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;心与天理为一&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;的路径，是陆王心学的远祖。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;核心思想&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;list-style-type: square;&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;天理即心&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：“天理”是宇宙的最高法则，但它并非外在于人，而就在你心中。“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;只心便是天&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;”，心与天理是同一的。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;仁者浑然与物同体&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：对“仁”的理解极高明，认为仁不只是一种美德，更是一种与万物一体的精神境界。达到此境界，就会自然地去爱万物。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;定性&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：针对如何保持内心定的问题，他提出“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;动亦定，静亦定&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;”，真正的定不是逃避外物，而是在应对事物时心不被牵走。这展示了极高明的修养功夫。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;五、程颐（1033-1107）——伊川先生，理学奠基人&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; padding-left: 18px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;核心贡献&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：将兄长的思想系统化、精确化，确立了理学的核心范畴和修养方法。他是&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;理学（程朱理学）的真正奠基者&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;，后世朱熹继承并发展了他的思想。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;核心思想&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;list-style-type: square;&quot; class=&quot; list-paddingleft-2&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;理一分殊&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：虽然万物各有其理，但最终都是那个最高“天理”的体现。这解决了“理”的统一性和万物的差异性问题。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;性即理&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：与程颢略有不同，他更明确地提出“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;性即理也&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;”，将人性直接等同于天理，从而为人性本善找到了宇宙论依据。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;格物致知&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：确立了理学主流的修养方法——“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;格物穷理&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;”。主张通过研究具体事物（格物）来体悟其中的天理（穷理），今日格一物，明日格一物，积累多了，终有一天会豁然贯通。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; margin: 32px 0px 16px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;总结对比&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area ds-scroll-area--show-on-focus-within ds-scroll-area--enabled _1210dd7 c03cafe9&quot; style=&quot;--dsl-scroll-area-gutters-disappear-delay: 1s; z-index: 0; position: relative; overflow: auto; scrollbar-width: none; --padding-left: calc(( 1011px - (840px - 2 * 44px) ) / 2 + (840px - 2 * 44px - 100%)); --padding-right: 54px; width: calc(100% + 75.5px); padding-left: calc(-100% + 881.5px); padding-right: 54px; margin-left: calc(100% - 881.5px); color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); --container-height: 276px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__gutters&quot; style=&quot;--dsl-scroll-area-scrollbar-bg: #e5e5e5; --dsl-scroll-area-scrollbar-hover: #d4d4d4; pointer-events: none; z-index: 1000; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-out 1s; --container-height: 276px; position: sticky; top: 0px; left: 0px; right: 0px; width: 827.5px; height: 0px; opacity: 1 !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__horizontal-gutter&quot; style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; right: 0px; top: 262px; height: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__horizontal-bar&quot; style=&quot;cursor: initial; pointer-events: all; background-color: transparent; position: relative; height: 8px; margin-bottom: auto; left: 0px; width: 803.367px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ds-scroll-area__vertical-gutter&quot; style=&quot;position: absolute; right: 3px; top: 3px; bottom: -273px; width: 8px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table width=&quot;NaN&quot; style=&quot;width: 803px;&quot;&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr class=&quot;firstRow&quot;&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;人物&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;核心范畴&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;核心比喻/方法&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;主要贡献&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); font: 500 15px / 25px quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: currentcolor; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;后世影响&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;周敦颐&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;无极、太极、诚&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;太极图、莲花&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;开创宇宙论&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;二程之师，理学发端&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;邵雍&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;数、象、先天&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;元会运世&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;建立历史周期律&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;对易学、术数影响深远&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;张载&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;气、太虚&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;民胞物与&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;建立气一元论&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;启发明清实学&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;程颢&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;天理、仁、心&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;浑然与物同体&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;开发心性论，为心学先导&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;影响陆九渊、王阳明&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px 10px 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;程颐&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;理、性、格物&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;理一分殊、格物致知&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;确立理学体系，为程朱学派奠基&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-language-override: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; min-width: 100px; max-width: min(30vw, 320px); padding: 10px 0px 10px 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;由朱熹集大成，成官方哲学&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;一个关键的演变脉络&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;：&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;周敦颐（提出宇宙模型）→ 张载（解释物质基础“气”）→ 二程（提炼核心法则“理”，并落实到心性修养）→ 朱熹（集大成，将“格物穷理”系统化），构成了理学的主干。而程颢所开启的“心即理”一路，则演变为心学。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;ds-markdown-paragraph&quot; style=&quot;margin: 16px 0px; color: rgb(15, 17, 21); font-family: quote-cjk-patch, Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot;&gt;理解北宋五子，就抓住了宋明理学的根源和核心争论。他们是真正意义上的“再造孔子”，让儒家思想在面对佛道挑战时获得了新生。&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description><pubDate>Mon, 15 Jun 2026 13:13:50 +0800</pubDate></item></channel></rss>